Kussmaul's coma

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Definition

Noun: - A specific type of diabetic coma: Kussmaul's coma refers to a state of unconsciousness that can develop in severe, inadequately treated cases of diabetes mellitus, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). It is characterized by deep, labored breathing (Kussmaul respiration) as the body attempts to compensate for severe metabolic acidosis.

Usage
  • This is a highly specialized medical term used primarily in clinical and historical contexts.
  • It is used to describe a critical, life-threatening complication of diabetes.
  • Example: "The patient was admitted in Kussmaul's coma, requiring immediate intervention for diabetic ketoacidosis."
Advanced Usage
  • The term is eponymous, named after the German physician Adolf Kussmaul, who first described the associated breathing pattern.
  • In modern clinical practice, the condition is more commonly referred to as diabetic coma due to ketoacidosis or simply diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with coma. "Kussmaul's coma" may be used to emphasize the historical description or the specific respiratory sign.
Variants and Related Words
  • Diabetic coma (n): A broader term for coma caused by complications of diabetes, which includes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) as well as ketoacidosis.
  • Ketoacidotic coma (n): A more descriptive synonym focusing on the underlying metabolic cause.
  • Kussmaul respiration (n): The deep, sighing breathing pattern characteristic of severe metabolic acidosis, often a precursor to Kussmaul's coma.
Synonyms
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis coma
  • Ketoacidotic coma
Notes
  • Not a General Term for Coma: This term is specific to a metabolic cause (diabetes) and should not be used to describe coma from other origins (e.g., traumatic, toxic).
  • Historical Context: While still accurate, "Kussmaul's coma" is a somewhat dated term. The focus in contemporary medicine is on diagnosing and treating the underlying diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Noun
  1. coma that can develop in inadequately treated cases of diabetes mellitus

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